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Related to this project: Repoblamiento vegetal en área afectada por desertificación en Chubut

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Automatically translated into English thanks to WorldLingo
RECOVERY EDÁFICA AND REVEGETACIÓN OF AREAS AFFECTED BY SPILLS OF I REFUEL IN REGION ÁRIDA-FRÍA OF THE AUSTRAL PATAGONIA.

The oil operation includes/understands several ecosystems in all the patagónica region and causes the development of separated regions. The oil production is not free of accidents by breakage of pipe lines, causing serious damages in the altered areas. The disarmed hydrocarbon runs towards valleys, mallines, cañadones and lagoons, and, harm them. In the city of Commodore Rivadavia (main national oil center), spills were registered and, because of that, also empetrolados areas with disturbances in the vegetation and grounds. By means of an agreement between INTA e YPF S.A. tasks of investigation and experimentation began to try to recover grounds and to initiate the revegetación. Of there, it was begun, in May of 1993, with the first tasks of farming of affected grounds and extractions of ground samples to analyze its fisicoquímicas characteristics. The grounds treat by means of vertical farming during 30? 40 days in a period of 7 months, to manage to degrade hydrocarbon and to eliminate the light components of petroleum, that are the causes of fitotóxicos effects in the vegetation. In parcels of 10 xs 30 ms, with 3 at random distributed repetitions and, were made sowings using furrows of 5 and 10 cm of depth, and conventional sowing. The following species were used: Agropyron desertorum, Agropyron cristatum, spicata Pseudorogneria, elongata Elytrigia, Cristesion sp., Bromus coloratus, juncea Psatyrostachys, and plantations of shrubs: Atriplex lampa, A. sagitifolia, A. numularia, A. semibacata, and Grindelia chiloensi. The revegetación of these areas is laid the foundations in the degradation of hydrocarbon by means of farming activities, next to an immense microbial activity by the native flora.
The petroleum spills in natural fields of cattle use alter the ecosystem strongly, mainly when the atmospheres are barren and fragile. In the south of the province of Chubut and north of Santa Cruz, the oil production is intense, and as so involuntary spills happen that affect the near regions. YPF S.A. and INTA Chubut decided to face this problem and, by means of an agreement programmed investigation tasks on the affected areas, analyzing the damages in the vegetation, the ground and the fauna. Seeds of the dominant native species of each place were collected, began works of field to manage to rehabilitate grounds and soon to do sowings, plantation of bred native shrubs specially and some forest ones. The barren atmospheres are influenced in annual rains average of 180 to 200 mm, with 70% to 80% of precipitations in autumn d winter. The petroleum contents in contaminated areas oscillate between 13 and 21%. By means of monthly workings and during 7 months consecutive, it was managed to eliminate the light compounds of spilled petroleum that produce fitotoxicidad effects, taking the values previous to less than 3% and with a high solid content that improves the quality of grounds. It is obtained in these two years of duration of the tests, the growth of herbaceous, gramíneas, leguminosas, arbustivas and forest vegetations.

AEOLIAN GROUND EROSION AFFECTED BY PETROLEUM SPILLS

In Patagonia is made an intense oil activity, including diverse ecosystems, within a barren amiente, with xerofítica vegetation, grounds barely evolved and with balance of extreme fragility. In Commodore Rivadavia, on fields waved with dominion of arbustiva vegetation and? coirones bitter? ; located to 600 - 800 ms s.n.m., with arénico Haplargid grounds and high risk of Aeolian erosion; they happened by spills by breakage of pipe lines. The company to clean the area used heavy road equipment and was removed all the superficial layer affected (30? 40 cm), being left the surface beheaded. With frequent and strong patagónicos winds a Aeolian erosive process of gravity was triggered. YPF S.A. it asks for the INTA, technological support, beginning the studies to restrain the phenomenon. In May of 1993, field tasks are made, with the purpose of opening to ditches of 80 cm of depth and 1.20 ms of wide. The intention is to corrugate all the affected area, not allowing that the particles of the ground in movement by the dynamics of winds, get to be transferred beyond the bottom of the ditches, and with it to contribute new ground in this bottom, to make sowings of vegetal species, adapted to barren atmospheres. A year and means later, one complete retention of of superficial particles of the ground is appraised, due to the growth of the seeded vegetation, and to the appearance between the interlines, of colonizadoras species of the native flora. It is possible to be improved this one rehabilitation of those areas by means of the plantation of native shrubs and Inter sowings of adapted herbaceous gramíneas and


November 18, 2008 | 8:21 PM Comments  0 comments

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